![]() There may be false positives initially, but this is where you can ween out what are legitimate alerts, and what aren't, building from there. The time and space to monitor these files/directories is minimal. These files are not going to be detected because no application is watching what is occurring. For example, knowing these are the " usual suspects" being monitored, I have no time as an attacker shoving something into /usr/lib, /usr/share, /tmp, and so forth. These are not the only places to store files, to hide programs, etc. This will usually (and mostly ONLY) include directories where binaries are installed. Monitor over measure: If a measure is selected, the monitor alerts over the numerical value. As an attacker/pentester, I am aware that many professionals who've followed best practices and guidelines, tend to focus on what they perceive (based on risk) as important. email, the unique value count is the number of unique user emails. Logfiles change, therefore they'd generate many false positives. When I install Host Based Intrusion Prevention, I choose to monitor everything EXCEPT log files. I prefer to know as much as I can about the entire system. On any system I have been an administrator on, it is my function to maintain that system. Not to mention there are plenty of people who play/tinker with Linux/BSD/OSX viruses, exploits, and proofs of conceptsĮDITED FOR AN EXPLANATION AS TO WHAT TO MONITOR AND WHYĮvery system differs, one can follow guidelines, baselines, but at the end of the day, the importance of what to monitor as at the discretion of the systems administrator, the data custodian, and a range of other people, or just one person. There are far too many files to monitor and an attacker can (and usually will) try to modify whatever they can. Also, we’ll run xmessage in the background, so the function doesn’t block.Your best bet is to install a HIPS (Host Intrusion Prevention Application) such as Samhain or AIDE. The first one is the directory, and the other is the file that was removed. Integrating the inotifywait Output With Another Script ![]() Let’s see the new output: main/1/2/ MODIFY file1 Now, let’s write to the main/1/2/file1 file and then create a new empty file called file2 inside the main/1/2 directory: $ echo example2 > main/1/2/file1 Then, let’s monitor only for create and modify events: $ inotifywait -m -r -e create,modify main ![]() First, let’s finish the previous inotifywait command with Control+C. To do this, we’ll use the -e parameter and add the desired events separated by commas. Finally, let’s see how we can specify the exact events we want to monitor. We can notice that inotifywait automatically watches for events in the new directory. Let’s see the inotifywait output: main/2/ CREATE,ISDIR 1 Then, we’ll create a new file called file1 inside the new directory: Now, let’s create a new folder called 1 inside the main/2 directory. First, the base directory, then the event, and finally, the file that triggered that event. We can see that the inotifywait output has three columns. Let’s return to the shell where we run inotifywait to see its output: main/1/2/ CREATE file1 This command creates a new file inside the main/1/2 folder. Now, while inotifywait is still running, let’s open a new shell and run echo example > main/1/2/file1. With that, the inotifywait command will continue to run in the foreground, waiting for events. Beware: since -r was given, this may take a while! Let’s see how to monitor for any event in our main directory: $ inotifywait -m -r main Otherwise, inotifywait exits after the first event. This configures inotifywait to keep watching the directory forever. To monitor a directory tree, including its subdirectories, we’ll use the -r parameter. ![]() We can use the inotifywait command to monitor a directory tree.
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